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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to divide it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code which represents ownership of an electronic concept kind of like a virtual IOU. On the other hand, you've got bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network which maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The machine enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It is created and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, for example dollars or euros theyre made by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the very first example of what we today call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset class which shares some features of traditional currencies, together with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software developer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment system based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central power, which may be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable way.
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Bitcoin can be used to pay for things electronically, if the two parties are willing. In that sense, its similar to conventional dollars, euros, or yen, which can also be traded digitally.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It is maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run through an open network of dedicated servers spread around the world. This attracts individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with all the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
Bitcoin simplifies the dual spending problem of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can readily be copied and re-used) via an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. With bitcoin, the integrity of the transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can attempt to manipulate a currencys value relative to others. Holders of this currency he has a good point (and notably citizens with little alternative) bear the cost.
While senders of traditional electronic payments are often identified (for verification purposes, and to comply with anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept function in semi-anonymity. Since there's absolutely no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is submitted, the protocol assesses all prior transactions to confirm that the sender gets the necessary bitcoin in addition to the ability to send them.
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In practice, each user is identified by the address of their pocket. Transactions can, with a little effort, be monitored this way. Also, law enforcement has developed approaches to identify users if necessary.
Additionally, most exchanges are required by law to perform identity checks on their clients before they're permitted to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another manner that bitcoin usage can be monitored. Since the network is transparent, the advancement of a specific transaction is observable to all.
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This is because there's no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. When a transaction is recorded on the network, and if greater than an hour has passed, it's not possible to modify.
Even though this might disquiet a few, it does mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is referred to as a satoshi. It's one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, about one hundredth of a cent. This may conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Read more to find out how bitcoin transactions are processed and how bitcoins are mined, what it can be used for, as well as how you can purchase, sell and save your bitcoin. We also explain a few alternatives to bitcoin, as well as the way its underlying technology the blockchain functions. .
If you want to know what is Bitcoin, the way you can get it and how it can help you, without floundering into technical details, this guide is for you. It'll explain how the system operates, how you can use it to your profit, which scams to avoid. It will also direct you to sources which will enable you to shop and use your first pieces of digital currency.